About Digital clock with bcd counters
RS Components provides a versatile range of counters to suit a variety of devices and functions. With digital, electromechanical, and purely mechanical counters available, RS provides a solution to industrial, commercial and project applications wherever precise counting and tallying is required. You'll find counters available from trusted brands such as Baumer, Omron, Red Lion, Kubler, Hengstler, Trumeter and our own RS PRO selection.Functions of CountersDigital Counters, also known as Mechanical Counters, Electronic Counters or Hour Meters, store and display the frequency of an occurring process, normally synchronized with a clock. For example, Electronic Counters in particular follow a sequential logic circuit which has a clock input signal. Industrial applications of counting devices are used to measure:LengthImpulsesTime elapsedPosition IndicationSwitching and controlTypes of CounterDigital counters Digital Counters - are electronic in design and will often have a digital display. These counters work off a latching circuit or "flip-flop" when the time gets to the set value the relay will switch from 1 position to the next (flip), then the next pre-set value it will switch back (flop). It latches in each position and holds it so that current can flow.Asynchronous or ripple counters - consisting of a number of flip-flops these count a stream of pulses applied to the counter's input. The output is a binary value whose value is equal to the number of pulses received.Synchronous counters - provide a more reliable circuit for counting purposes, and for high-speed operation, as the clock pulses in this circuit are fed to every flip-flop in the chain at exactly the same time.Decade counters - used to count decimal digits rather than binary.Ring counters - have a cascade layout of flip-flops in a ring so that the output of the last is fed into the input of the first.Mechanical countersMechanical Counters - are built
Key features of the Digital clock with bcd counters that are enabled through these drivers include:
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31MayMay 31, 2012 A Digital Clock can be made easily by using PIC Microcontroller, DS1307 and a 16×2 LCD. I have already posted about Interfacing DS1307 RTC with PIC Microcontroller. The DS1307 RTC can work either in 24-hour mode or 12-hour mode with AM/PM indicator. It automatically adjusts for months fewer than 31 days including leap year compensation up to year 2100. DS1307 comes with built-in power sensing circuit which senses power failures and automatically switches to back up supply. We can provide a 3V CMOS Battery for that. Communication between PIC Microcontroller and DS1307 takes place through I²C Bus.Components RequiredPIC 16F877A MicrocontrollerDS1307 RTC16×2 LCD8MHz Crystal32.768KHz Crystal for RTC3V Battery2x 22pF Capacitors0.1μF Capacitor4x 10KΩ Resistors10KΩ Preset2x 2.2KΩ Resistors4.7KΩ Resistor3x Micro Switches (Push Button)5V Power SupplyPrerequisitesI recommend reading following articles before going further.LCD Interfacing with PIC MicrocontrollerInterfacing DS1307 with PIC Microcontroller Circuit Diagram – Digital ClockDigital Clock using PIC Microcontroller and DS1307 RTC – Circuit DiagramI hope that you can easily understand the circuit diagram. The circuit is powered using a 5V power supply. 8MHz crystal is connected to PIC Microcontroller to provide necessary clock for the operation. An RCR (Resistor-Capacitor-Resistor) made using 10KΩ, 0.1µF, 4.7KΩ is connected to MCLR pin of PIC Microcontroller as recommended by Microchip. It will work fine even if you tie MCLR pin directly to VDD but Microchip doesn’t recommends it. DS1307 RTC is connected to PIC microcontroller via I2C bus. Pull up resistors connected to I2C bus is very important, please make sure that you are using correct values for it. An additional power supply (usually a battery or button cell) is connected to DS1307 RTC for running the clock during power failures. This circuit will function even without that battery also but the clock will stop and reset during power failure.MikroC Code// LCD module connectionssbit LCD_RS at RB2_bit;sbit LCD_EN at RB3_bit;sbit LCD_D4 at RB4_bit;sbit LCD_D5 at RB5_bit;sbit LCD_D6 at RB6_bit;sbit LCD_D7 at RB7_bit;sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISB2_bit;sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISB3_bit;sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISB4_bit;sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISB5_bit;sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISB6_bit;sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISB7_bit;// End LCD module connections unsigned short read_ds1307(unsigned short address){ unsigned short r_data; I2C1_Start(); I2C1_Wr(0xD0); //address 0x68 followed by direction bit (0 for write, 1 for read) 0x68 followed by 0 --> 0xD0 I2C1_Wr(address); I2C1_Repeated_Start(); I2C1_Wr(0xD1); //0x68 followed by 1 --> 0xD1 r_data=I2C1_Rd(0); I2C1_Stop(); return(r_data);}void write_ds1307(unsigned short address,unsigned short w_data){ I2C1_Start(); // issue I2C start signal //address 0x68 followed by direction bit (0 for write, 1 for read) 0x68 followed by 0 --> 0xD0 I2C1_Wr(0xD0); // send byte via I2C (device address + W) I2C1_Wr(address); // send byte (address of DS1307 location) I2C1_Wr(w_data); // send data (data to be written) I2C1_Stop(); // issue I2C stop signal}unsigned char BCD2UpperCh(unsigned char bcd){ return ((bcd >> 4) + '0');}unsigned char BCD2LowerCh(unsigned char bcd){ return ((bcd & 0x0F) + '0');}int Binary2BCD(int a){ int t1, t2; t1 = a%10; t1 = t1 & 0x0F; a = a/10; t2 = a%10; t2 = 0x0F & t2; t2 = t2 > 4; t = 0x0F & t; r = t*10 +
