About Fstream
Updated June 16, 2023Introduction to C++ fstreamIn C++, the concept of the fstream is used for the reading and writing on the file system. In very simple and technical words, it can do dual work, which means it has ofstream and ifstream. So if the file is not there on which we are going to write some contents, then the fstream can write the contents on the file, and at the same time, it also allows us to open the file and display the contents. We should use this if we know that we will create, read and write content on the file.Syntax:Below is a simple syntax for the fstream in C++. In the example below, we are first getting or creating a file; we can give any name to the file we are creating here. Second, we are writing some content to the file. In the same way, we can read the file content with the help of the getline function in a while loop.ofstream creatMyFile(AnyFileName);creatMyFile How fstream work in C++?We already have a package like ifstream and ofstream, but they can either read and write the file, but what do we do in case we want to perform read and write the file? So for that case, we have the fstream c++ package.We can create a file if the file does not exist.First, we can create a file instance with code like “ofstream of”; here, of will be used as the instance.Next, we can pass any file name we want to create, like “open(any filename);”.Finally, we can write the contents on the file like cout If needed, we can also read the file’s contents with the help of the getline functions to read data line by line.Examples of C++ fstreamGiven below, we have three significant examples of the fstream of C++. In the examples, we show how we create an empty file, write some contents on the file, and then again read the same file by printing all the contents.Example #1Code://Importing the package iostream#include //Importing the package fstream#include //Importing the string package for string related works#include using namespace std;int main () {string ln;//Creating a file with name test.txt ,if not existsifstream testFile ("test.txt");//Checking the file opening conditionif (testFile.is_open()){//Running a while loop and fetch all the contents line by linewhile ( getline (testFile,ln) ){//Printing the output of the file contentscout Output:Example #2Code://Importing the package iostream#include //Importing the package fstream#include //Importing the package string for string related work#include using namespace std;int main () {// This code will create a file with name test.txtofstream creatMyFile("test.txt");// Here we are writing contents to the filecreatMyFile Output:Example #3Code://Importing the package fstream#include //Importing the package iostream#include using namespace std;int main () {char subject[200];// Here we are opening the file in the write mode for operationsofstream of;//Open the file and create the file if not existsof.open("test.txt");//Writing the the data to the file which we have createdcout > subject;cin.ignore();// Here we are again writing some input data to fileof > subject;// Writing some data to itcout >
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The file specification dictionary /F (name) % The file name for export /EF ... >> % Embedded file stream dictionary >> ] >> >> >>For example: [ /NamespacePush pdfmark [ /_objdef {fstream} /type /stream /OBJ pdfmark [ {fstream} /Type /EmbeddedFile >> /PUT pdfmark [ {fstream} (Simulating file content here) /PUT pdfmark [ /Name (Unicode Unique Name)% e.g., feff 0041 0073> is Unicode for "As" /FS /Type /Filespec /F (myfile.txt) /EF /F {fstream} >> >> /EMBED pdfmark [ {fstream} /CLOSE pdfmark [ /NamespacePop pdfmarkDistiller command line options to enable file embedding¶Acrobat Distiller 8.1 and later permit PostScript operators to access only font files, char map files, and files within the installation directory. In contrast, Acrobat Distiller 8.0 and earlier permit unlimited file access. This change was introduced to address security concerns.To reflect the change in file access behavior, the Distiller command line option (Windows and UNIX ) or user preference (Mac) related to file embedding were also reversed, but in the opposite direction. In Acrobat Distiller 8.1 and later, these Distiller command line options enable unlimited file access, overriding the normal mode of restricting file access. In Acrobat Distiller 8.0 and earlier, these command line options specified limited file access (restricted to fonts, char map files, and files within the installation directory), overriding the normal mode of unrestricted file access.To use the EMBED pdfMark directive to embed files other than fonts and char maps, follow these version-specific guidelines on invoking Acrobat Distiller:Acrobat Distiller 8.1 and later: Include the Distiller command line option (Windows and UNIX ) or user preference (Mac) that enables unlimited file access. You should be aware that such unlimited access can pose security problems. The following Windows command line invokes Acrobat Distiller with the option that specifies unlimited file access.acrodist -F MyFileContainingPDFMarkEMBED.psAcrobat Distiller 8.0 and earlier: Omit the file-embedding Distiller command line option (Windows and UNIX ) or user preference (Mac) that restricts unlimited file access. The following Windows command line invokes Acrobat Distiller. The omission of the -F command line option specifies unlimited file access.acrodist MyFileContainingPDFMarkEMBED.psTo summarize, in 8.0 and earlier the command line switch “restricts” unlimited file access. In 8.1 and later the command line switch “enables” unlimited file access.For information on the file-embedding Distiller command line option (Windows and UNIX ) and user preference (Mac), see the Distiller API Reference.Graphics encapsulation (BP, EP, SP)¶Distiller allows a PostScript language program to specify that a given set of graphical operations should be encapsulated and treated as a single object. The pdfmark features BP (Begin Picture) and EP (End Picture) enclose a set of graphic operations. The SP (Show Picture) pdfmark indicates where to insert an object (which may be inserted in more than one place).The syntax for the graphics encapsulation commands is as follows:[ /_objdef {objname} /BBox [xll yll xur yur] /BP pdfmark ... page marking instructions ... [ /EP pdfmark [ {objname} /SP pdfmarkThe _objdef {objname} key–value pair in the BP pdfmark names the picture objname. Any subsequent pdfmark can refer to this object.NoteGraphics names are
